We analyze genetic variation in crop collections to identify molecular markers associated with the expression of a trait. Furthermore, we attempt to elucidate the genetic background of resistance and tolerance. To do this, we use modern array technologies for high-throughput analysis and next generation sequencing (NGS) methods such as genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and exome capture.

To identify markers tightly linked with resistance and tolerance traits to biotic and abiotic stressors, statistical analysis of phenotypic as well as genetic data (e.g., genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and linkage studies) is combined. These markers represent important tools in plant breeding. On their basis, the positive traits of genetic resources can be integrated much faster into varieties with improved characteristics. They allow selection at early stages of plant development independent from environmental conditions. They also enable the combination (pyramidization) of different resistances and tolerances.

Modern high-throughput marker technologies, NGS methods as well as gene expression studies in combination with different mapping methods are applied in the institute. They allow fine mapping of gene regions and the identification of candidate genes or genetic networks responsible for the expression of specific traits. The increasingly precise determination of the position of resistance or tolerance genes in the genome is possible based such data since the entire genomes for most crops have now been sequenced.

For traits whose expression is determined by a large number of loci, genomic prediction models for genomic selection are of interest. This means that the performance of a genotype can be predicted based on genome-wide estimates of marker effects without testing it in the field. The repertoire of methods will be complemented by artificial intelligence methods in the future.