Cooperation partner:
Institut für Pflanzenschutz in Ackerbau und Grünland (JKI) IPK Genbank Außenstelle Nord
Overall objective of the project:
Potato belongs to the crops with the highest chemical plant-protection demands, with their main part directed to Phytophthora infestans, the causative agent of late blight on foliage and tubers. Costs for plant protection and damage caused by late blight amount to 470 EUR per hectare and year. For this reason, a long-term programme was started to select new sources of blight resistance among wild species and to introduce the genes for durable resistance into the cultural potato genome by six to seven cross steps. Since 50-60 traits make up a marketable potato and the combination of these traits with polygenic blight resistance is difficult, our research programme has to be continued until the fourth backcross generation and has to include all important other traits additional from the beginning. Foliage and tubers of clones are assessed independently for late-blight resistance over several years, using adapted methods. Pioneer work is done for long-day conditions by combining high quantitative resistance with ealy maturity and other combinations of important traits not available yet.
Cooperation partner:
Institut für Pflanzenschutz in Ackerbau und Grünland (JKI)
Overall objective of the project:
Improvement of estimation of dust drift on neighbouring crops under consideration of drift of insecticidal dusts and sublethal or lethal effects on honeybee colonies; clarification if damage is caused by drift or exclusively by uptake of contaminated nectar and pollen.
Cooperation partner:
Institut für Pflanzenschutz in Ackerbau und Grünland (JKI) Bundessortenamt Hannover
Overall objective of the project:
The activities are embedded in the official VCU testing by the Bundessortenamt and comprise the assessment of late-blight resistance of released cultivars and new breeding clones accepted for official testing. The resistance tests are carried out in field trials with four replications after artificial inoculation with a highly virulent field isolate of Phytophthora infestans, carrying virulence for the major genes R1 - R11. Disease severity is evaluated at least two times a week until maturity by recording the percentage of attacked area of potato tops within each plot. Multiple readings allow the calculation of a disease progress curve for each clone tested.
Cooperation partner:
Institut für Pflanzenschutz in Gartenbau und Forst (JKI) Institut für Pflanzenschutz in Ackerbau und Grünland (JKI) Institut für Strategien und Folgenabschätzung (JKI)
Overall objective of the project:
The JKI contributes in the national authorization procedure for plant protection products, among other things for the examination of the effects on beneficial arthropods (PflSchG §57, paragraph 9). On the basis of the studies submitted by the applicants and taking into account the intended conditions of use, the Institute ÖPV evaluates the risks of the products (herbicides, fungicides, bactericides, insecticides, molluscicides, growth regulators and other agents) for beneficial arthropods (beneficial insects and arachnids, except bees) on the target area in all intended crops. As a result, the management authority BVL is proposed to label the product as "non-harmful", "slightly harmful" or "harmful". This information is usually species-specific. If the species to be evaluated is not relevant to the indication, the proposal is made for the respective superordinate group, namely for "beneficial insects" or "beneficial predatory mites and arachnids". If Germany is the zonal rapporteur in the EU evaluation procedure, the institute also prepares the evaluation reports on the effects of plant protection products on beneficial arthropods on the target area for the central zone. The Institute works closely with the JKI's coordination office and lead institutes and is represented in the JKI's Steering Group on Authorization Procedures (LEZU)
Cooperation partner:
Institut für Pflanzenschutz in Ackerbau und Grünland (JKI) Institut für Pflanzenschutz in Gartenbau und Forst (JKI) Institut für Biologischen Pflanzenschutz (JKI) Institut für Pflanzenschutz in Obst- und Weinbau (JKI) Institut für ökologische Chemie, Pflanzenanalytik und Vorratsschutz (JKI) Institut für Rebenzüchtung (JKI) Institut für Züchtungsforschung an landwirtschaftlichen Kulturen (JKI) Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ländliche Räume, Wald und Fischerei
Overall objective of the project:
Goal of the research is to contribute to the expansion of organic farming in Germany, while respecting the principles of organic farming and consistently improve the performance holistically. These include the increase in crop yields, improved resource efficiency (z. B. nutrients, energy, water) and implementation of conservation and environmental protection goals.
Project coordinator: Stephan, König Matthias, Daub Beatrice, Berger
Cooperation partner:
Institut für Pflanzenschutz in Ackerbau und Grünland (JKI)
Overall objective of the project:
Potato cyst nematodes (Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis) and beet cyst eelworms (Heterodera schachtii) are difficult to control and therefore a serious threat of plant production in Germany due to high crop failure. The processing of potato and sugar beet yields in several hundred thousand tonnes of soil adhering on the crops after harvest. Soil residuals are hard to avoid in the process of crop harvesting and could often contain plant pathogens as nematodes. While the spread of cyst nematodes is limited for planting material due to strict controls of field sites for planting material production, the spread of these pathogens by the uncontrolled introduction of soil residuals from potato and sugar beet production into field sites remains a serious problem. Currently the introduction of soil residuals is mainly responsible for the critical infestation status of these pathogens in Germany. The proposed research project aims the optimization treatment procedures for disinfection of soil residuals from potato cyst nematodes and beet cyst eelworms. Therefore, treatments of (i) anaerobic soil disinfestation, (ii) soil inundation, (iii) composting, (iv) heat treatment using solarisation, (v) micro wave treatment, (vi) ozonation treatment and (vii) beta irrigation should be tested for their applicability. The tests should be performed in two stages (i) by determination of the application dose using nematode cysts free from soil residuals, and (ii) by application of the treatment procedures for soil residuals artificially inoculated with reference nematode material. A second research focus will be the determination of nematodes viability and development capacity using different biological, biochemical and molecular approaches. The outcomes of the project should provide the possibility to recycle soil residuals free from pathogens into agricultural used field sites.
Cooperation partner:
Institut für Pflanzenschutz in Ackerbau und Grünland (JKI) Institut für die Sicherheit biotechnologischer Verfahren bei Pflanzen (JKI) Institut für Pflanzenbau und Bodenkunde (JKI) Institut für Strategien und Folgenabschätzung (JKI) Institut für Züchtungsforschung an landwirtschaftlichen Kulturen (JKI)
Overall objective of the project:
Scope of the project is the development of processes and the identification of research gaps to achieve the goal of sustainable intensification in agricultural systems. For this purpose agronomic approaches, digitalization as well as automation of agricultural machineries will be used to increase the efficiency of cropping systems. In this context, field trials are carried out at different experimental sites of the Julius Kühn-Institute, to investigate the impact of a uniform seed pattern on cereals, to find adapted and well performing cultivars and to test the technical implementation of a uniform sowing pattern with a precision seed drill.
Cooperation partner:
Institut für Bienenschutz (JKI) Institut für Pflanzenschutz in Ackerbau und Grünland (JKI) Institut für Strategien und Folgenabschätzung (JKI) Institut für Anwendungstechnik im Pflanzenschutz (JKI) Institut für Biologischen Pflanzenschutz (JKI) Institut für ökologische Chemie, Pflanzenanalytik und Vorratsschutz (JKI) Institut für Pflanzenschutz in Obst- und Weinbau (JKI) Institut für Pflanzenbau und Bodenkunde (JKI) Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ländliche Räume, Wald und Fischerei
Overall objective of the project:
Small freshwater systems in agricultural landscapes are vulnerable to inputs of plant protection products and fertilizers. Therefore, the fauna in these water bodies can be severely impaired. This is crucial, since small freshwaters host the largest biodiversity compared to other freshwater systems such as lakes and rivers. Due to the reasons above, small freshwaters at the same time host the largest fraction of endangered species on the landscape scale. So far, there is no biological monitoring of small freshwaters. Its conceptual development is complex due to the high number and the large diversity of these ecosystems (e.g. in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania there are about 60.000 small freshwaters in or adjacent to agricultural fields). The JKI currently investigates the effects of agricultural management strategies on the biodiversity of these freshwaters. In MonViA, the JKI will, in close collaboration with the plant protection services of the federal states of Germany, develop a monitoring concept for biodiversity in small freshwaters. Test-projects based on this concept will provide a first overview on the current situation, followed by continuous status descriptions of the biodiversity in small freshwaters in agricultural landscapes.
Cooperation partner:
Institut für Pflanzenschutz in Ackerbau und Grünland (JKI) Institut für Anwendungstechnik im Pflanzenschutz (JKI) Institut für Biologischen Pflanzenschutz (JKI) Institut für Bienenschutz (JKI) Institut für ökologische Chemie, Pflanzenanalytik und Vorratsschutz (JKI) Institut für Pflanzenschutz in Obst- und Weinbau (JKI) Institut für Pflanzenbau und Bodenkunde (JKI) Institut für Biodiversität Informations- und Koordinationszentrum für Biologische Vielfalt
Overall objective of the project:
In MonViA, the Julius Kühn-Institute develops in close co-operation with the Thünen-Institute and the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food a broad-based farmland biodiversity monitoring for Germany. The joint project consists of three main parts: a) a general, national wide trend monitoring based on a systematic sampling grid, b) an in-depth, question-based monitoring on specific issues focusing on insects and c) a Citizen-Science monitoring, based on the participation of farmers, associations and interested citizens. The as long-term designed project involves 6 specialist institutes from the TI, 8 from the JKI and the BLE with a total of more than 35 persons. In the sub-project "Monitoring the diversity of habitats - small landscape structures and landscape elements" methods are developed and made available to derive indicators of habitat quality (e.g. age, volume; connectivity) derived from remote sensing data (e.g. LiDAR, VHR).
Cooperation partner:
Institut für Pflanzenschutz in Ackerbau und Grünland (JKI) Zentralstelle der Länder für EDV-gestützte Entscheidungshilfen und Programme im Pflanzenschutz (ZEPP)
Overall objective of the project:
A number of existing forecasting and decision support systems (EHS) which are important for arable farming practice must urgently be adapted and validated to the dynamic development of host-pathogen relationships in order to ensure their continued suitability for practical use.
In order to adapt the model, it is necessary to collect comparative data on epidemiology within the framework of intensive assessments as well as the environmental conditions relevant for the development of pests in various regions of Germany. This requires close cooperation with the Plant Protection Services of the States (PSD) and the Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI). The collection of these comparative data is necessary over a period of at least five years in order to obtain representative infestation data for different weather patterns in the important arable farming regions of Germany. Model objectives (such as prognosis of the first occurrence, simulation of the disease progress, control decision specific to the field and its effect on the further disease progress) must be taken into account.