Overall objective of the project:
The objective of the project consists in the application of a plant genetic resources management procedure in barley that was originally developed for wheat. Organisational structures are to be created which are complementary to the ex situ management of germplasm. The commitment for this is laid down in Art. 5 of the International Treaty for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. The technical concept is based on a proposal of Schnell (1989) called ?regrowing genetic resources?. Accordingly, a genetically diverse base population is created, reproduced at ecogeographically contrasting sites in Germany, where it differentiates owing to the site specific selection pressure during a period of eight years. With this project a research infrastructure component for modern research into the evolution of crop plants is developed at the same time.
Cooperation partner: Institut für Resistenzforschung und Stresstoleranz (JKI) Institut für die Sicherheit biotechnologischer Verfahren bei Pflanzen (JKI) BTL Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide
Overall objective of the project:
Wild potato species are a valuable genetic resource for broadening the genetic diversity of cultivated potato. Therefore gene bank accessions of wild species with sexual incompatibility to cultivated potato which are not utilized in potato breeding are interesting. Accessions with high level of resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, resistance to PVY and PLRV, aphids, and resistance to Colorado potato beetle are used. Somatic hybrids are produced between wild species of the genus Solanum, series Bulbocastana, Commersoniana, Etuberosa and Pinnatisecta and the cultivated potato. The aim of the project is to create new somatic hybrids, to select genotypes with high level of resistance to late blight, virus diseases and Colorado potato beetle and carry out backcrosses with cultivated potato. Breeding material is generated for utilization in potato breeding programs. Based on genetic analyses the mode of inheritance of selected pathogen resistances will be determined. Linked genes will be mapped and selective markers for potato breeding should be developed.
Cooperation partner: Institut für Resistenzforschung und Stresstoleranz (JKI) Zentrale Datenverarbeitung (JKI) Institut für nationale und internationale Angelegenheiten der Pflanzengesundheit (JKI) Gemeinschaft zur Förderung von Pflanzeninnovation e. V. (GFPi) Universität Göttingen Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institut, Institut für Ländliche Räume Kuratorium für Technik und Bauwesen in der Landwirtschaft Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institut für Tierernährung Technische Universität München Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Institut für Waldökologie und Waldinventuren Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Institut für Agrarrelevante Klimaforschung Max Rubner Institut, Institut für Ernährungsverhalten Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Institut für Biodiversität Hanse Agro GmbH
Overall objective of the project:
Aim: Offering, further development, update und quality management of the online-database "KLIMAPS JKI" with important facts of the consequences of climate change on plant protection for free. Characterization: Knowledge and information are necessities for successful adaptation to climate change. For the German public, that includes farmers, gardeners and consultants, however it is fairly difficult to obtain understandable information concerning impacts of climate change from specific scientific search engines like Web of Science and other scientific data bases that matches their demands. They don’t have the time to read into the usually English written work of specific work groups and keep up with their results. Users of KLIMAPS-JKI (farmers, extension service providers, scientists, federal authorities) are given a comfortable way to search for knowledge of effects of climate change on crops, pests, natural enemies of crop pests, chemical and non-chemical methods in plant protection, soil, agriculture and how changes might affect their interactions. It is possible to select single factors of climate change like warming, increasing atmospheric CO2, elevated atmospheric ozone concentration, reduction in precipitation and also combinations of these aspects of climate change. Besides search offers possibility to select changes of several specifically features of crops, pests and so on as a result of climatic change.
Cooperation partner: Institut für Resistenzforschung und Stresstoleranz (JKI)
Overall objective of the project:
This project is aimed at the development and selection of pear genotypes with resistance to fire blight. Part of the material has been established using the donors Harrow Sweet and Pierre Corneille, which is low to medium susceptible to fire blight. The introgression of resistance to fire blight from Kieffer and Hasselparon by crossing is planned. Phenotyping will be done according to the approved method applied for apple, i.e. grafting of scions on rootstocks and following inoculation with Erwinia amylovora in the green house. Parents of the crosses will be analyzed with markers linked to fire blight resistance available for apple and pear. If markers are present the respective progenies will be genotyped to determine genotype-phenotype congruence. This is a first step in the breeding of fire blight resistant pear cultivars which promotes the strategy of the ministry to produce healthy fruits for the consumers by sustainable production.
Cooperation partner: Institut für Resistenzforschung und Stresstoleranz (JKI)
Overall objective of the project:
Fire blight, a plant disease caused by the gram negative bacterium Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al., is one of the most dangerous diseases of apple, pear and quince. In addition to the economic losses of the fruit production, the quarantine disease endangers the landscape with the old traditional orchards and disturbs the ecological balance. One objective of the project is the evaluation of the fire blight susceptibility of the apple and pear collection of the fruit gene bank Dresden-Pillnitz. Artificial shoot inoculations should be performed at Quedlinburg. The second part comprises the evaluation of the fungal infection in the field collections of the fruit genebank. The collections will be assessed on the base of phenotypical scales for scab (Venturia inaequalis) and mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) in apple and for pear scab (Venturia pirina) and European pear rust (Gymnosporangium sabinae). The results will give a good overview about the available resistance in the apple and pear collections of the fruit genebank in Dresden-Pillnitz and will be included in the data base of the German Fruit Genebank. On this basis recommendations for the breeding and the traditional fruit orchards should be given.
Cooperation partner: Institut für Resistenzforschung und Stresstoleranz (JKI) Nordsaat Saatzucht GmbH Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Bundessortenamt Hannover
Overall objective of the project:
Root lesion nematodes (RLN) are important pests worldwide with a large range of host species. They invade the host plant and feed from their roots but, in contrast to sedentary nematodes, they do not induce the formation of feeding sites. After destroying large parts of the roots, they leave the root again. The penetration of the nematodes in the roots also leads to secondary infections by fungi or other pathogens that, together with reduction in nutrients- and water-uptake, drastically reduce yield. These migratory parasites are able to infest a wide spectrum of crops. In the past decade, severe damage in German cereal production has been reported and this pest is regarded by farming experts as a major threat for cereal production. Narrow crop rotation, early-sowing dates, and mild winters which are expected due to climate change increase the damage by this pest. Assessment of RLN in the field is cumbersome and time consuming. Moreover, this pest has been largely disregarded by European cereal breeders so far. We will continue a previous project in which resistant barley lines have been identified and major QTLs for RLN resistance have been mapped. Aiming at (i) the identification of wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes with low infection rates by P. neglectus and P. penetrans and (ii) unravelling the genetic mechanisms for RLN resistance in barley and wheat, this project is structured into four research areas (RA). In RA 1, we will assess RLN infection in soil samples from farmers’ fields using standard and novel technology. We will establish a molecular technique to detect RLN in soil and root substrates which is based on species specific sequences. This technique shall be later employed in RLN tests in the greenhouse. We will perform field trials with selected wheat and barley genotypes in fields heavily infested by RLNs to estimate the effect of RLN resistance on yield and other agronomical important parameters. In RA2, we will identify resistant genotypes from.
Cooperation partner: Institut für Resistenzforschung und Stresstoleranz (JKI) Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK) Gatersleben Universität Gießen
Overall objective of the project:
This proposed project aims at enchancing the priming capacity in barley. To achieve this we will: i) Screen a genetically diverse set of 200 barley accessions for the capacity to induce priming and its efficiency to prevent disease; ii) Characterise priming-inducing capacities of root-associated bacteria and; iii) of fungi from order Sebacinales. Special attention will be paid to a broad spectrum of induced resistance (several fungi and nemathodes). In order to achieve our goals we gathered the PrimedPlant consortiom of JKI Braunschweig (EP), JKI Quedlinburg (RS), the JL University Giessen and IPK Gatersleben.
Cooperation partner: Institut für Resistenzforschung und Stresstoleranz (JKI)
Overall objective of the project:
Therefore, this project aims to unite all collections and consolidate them in one database (Virothek). The acutal collection will be continuesly be complemented by new virus isolates. The database is of uttermost important as reference collection for resistence screens (Federal Plant Variety Office, JKI Institutes), for investigations on virus-host and virus-vector interactions as well as virus ecology and epidemiology.
Cooperation partner: Institut für Epidemiologie und Pathogendiagnostik (JKI) Institut für Resistenzforschung und Stresstoleranz (JKI) BioOK, BTL Sagerheide
Overall objective of the project:
Due to climate change and the lack of insecticide dressing of seeds, the cultivation of oilseed rape is endangered by infection with TuYV. Agriculture is furthermore enforced to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. With regard to economic and ecological aspects the oilseed rape varieties with TuYV resistance are crucial. The objective of this study is to characterise the currently used ‘R54’ based resistance and by doing so guaranteeing its functionality. Topics such as temperature depended resistance stability, vector preference and genetic variability of vector and virus will be examined and brought together in view of tri-trophic interaction. Knowledge gained shall be used as a base to study future TuYV resistance sources and thereby supporting sustainable oilseed rape cultivation.
Cooperation partner: Institut für Resistenzforschung und Stresstoleranz (JKI)
Overall objective of the project:
This project is aimed at the introgression of resistance to fire blight into apple breeding material and the combination of resistance to fire blight with pyramided scab resistances and the combination of pyramided powdery mildew resistances with fire blight resistance. Two strategies will be applied to reach that aim. The first approach is the combination of resistance to fire blight with pyramided resistances and later on the improvement of quality whereas the second approach is the enhancement of quality of lines with fire blight resistance and pyramided resistances, respectively, and at a later step the combination of both. Seedlings will be artificially inoculated in the green house to screen for resistance to scab and powdery mildew. Marker assisted selection will be applied to the resistant seedlings. Seedlings with the wanted resistance genes will be phenotyped for resistance to fire blight. This project supports the strategy of the ministry to combat fire blight without antibiotics.