Cooperation partner: Institut für Pflanzenschutz in Ackerbau und Grünland (JKI) IPK Genbank Außenstelle Nord
Overall objective of the project:
Potato belongs to the crops with the highest chemical plant-protection demands, with their main part directed to Phytophthora infestans, the causative agent of late blight on foliage and tubers. Costs for plant protection and damage caused by late blight amount to 470 EUR per hectare and year. For this reason, a long-term programme was started to select new sources of blight resistance among wild species and to introduce the genes for durable resistance into the cultural potato genome by six to seven cross steps. Since 50-60 traits make up a marketable potato and the combination of these traits with polygenic blight resistance is difficult, our research programme has to be continued until the fourth backcross generation and has to include all important other traits additional from the beginning. Foliage and tubers of clones are assessed independently for late-blight resistance over several years, using adapted methods. Pioneer work is done for long-day conditions by combining high quantitative resistance with ealy maturity and other combinations of important traits not available yet.
Overall objective of the project:
To develop germplasm with new resistances to powdery mildew and barley yellow-dwarf virus, genebank accessions are being screened and known resistances will be introgressed into Avena sativa cultivars by appropriate crossing programmes. In addition, resistances will be analyzed genetically. The project is focussed on the screening of genebank accessions for resistances, the introgression of resistance genes to A. sativa cultivars and analyses of the inheritance.
Cooperation partner: Gemeinschaft zur Förderung von Pflanzeninnovation e. V. (GFPi) Universität Hohenheim
Overall objective of the project:
To develop triticale lines resistant to lodging, preharvest sprouting and diseases primary triticales are combined with high-yielding genotypes. Furthermore, genebank accessions will be evaluated for important agronomical characters and resistances to pathogens. This project is focussed on the broadening of the genetic variability in triticale and on the genetic enhancement of this crop species.
Overall objective of the project:
The characterisation of resistance to tuber and foliage blight in genetic resources is carried out within a cooperation program between the IPK Genebank and JKI to take the advantage of synergistic effects. Hereby the IPK Genebank is responsible for plant propagation and sampling. JKI carries out resistance tests. The data are required to develop knowledge if and to which extent the available samples are possible sources for resistance and which accessions can be useful to select healthy and resistant plants in future by methods of breeding research. In addition to the research plan of BMELV the project represents a contribution for the national program 'plant genetic resources' ? step 5.3.2: Expansion of characterisation, prior evaluation and development of core collections ? and meets the requirements for the specific transfer into the field of action 5.8.2 ?Improvement of research for resistance of cultivated crops against pests? of the reduction program chemical plant protection.
Overall objective of the project:
Due to its richness in protein, N fixation, tap-root formation and environmental robustness, narrow-leafed lupin offers interesting perspectives for food and feed usage, plant cultivation, as well as agroecology. In Germany, the crop area of narrow-leafed lupin is restricted to the lighter, dryer and less calcareous soils in the east and northeast where narrow-leafed lupin can unfold its strengths relative to other protein plants most easily. The protein of narrow-leafed lupin is suitable for human nutrition. Since narrow-leafed lupin is a relatively recent crop plant it still displays non-domesticated behaviour such as pod dropping and seed shedding which limits its attractiveness to the grower. In addition, incomplete tolerance to anthracnose as well as sensitivity to soil-pH values of 5.8 limit the growing area in Germany. Due to the presently limited agronomic importance of narrow-leafed lupin in Germany, breeding research activity on this crop plant has remained weak in this country. For this reason, we started a research programme at the Groß Lüsewitz location where there are optimal growing conditions for narrow-leafed lupin. The programme aims at assessing and broadening genetic variability in narrow-leafed lupin, which is a pre-requisite for improving agronomic adaptation of this crop plant.
Cooperation partner: Institut für Resistenzforschung und Stresstoleranz (JKI)
Overall objective of the project:
The objective of the project consists in the application of a plant genetic resources management procedure in barley that was originally developed for wheat. Organisational structures are to be created which are complementary to the ex situ management of germplasm. The commitment for this is laid down in Art. 5 of the International Treaty for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. The technical concept is based on a proposal of Schnell (1989) called ?regrowing genetic resources?. Accordingly, a genetically diverse base population is created, reproduced at ecogeographically contrasting sites in Germany, where it differentiates owing to the site specific selection pressure during a period of eight years. With this project a research infrastructure component for modern research into the evolution of crop plants is developed at the same time.
Overall objective of the project:
The development and utilization in potato breeding of novel resistance sources are absolutely required in consequence of the increasingly restricted availability of efficient pesticides and the rapid adaptation of the oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. Plant genetic resources can be used to increase the pathogen resistances in potato. According to wide evaluations gene bank accessions of the wild species Solanum pinnatisectum were observed with resistance and susceptibility to foliage blight caused by P. infestans. Based on backcrossing- and screening programs the mode of inheritance of pathogen resistances will be determined. Segregating progenies will be used to map the resistance genes and develop respective markers for marker-assisted selection in potato breeding. This project makes an important contribution to improve the utilization of plant genetic resources and is important because of the estimation of the breeding progress in terms to improve the disease resistance.
Cooperation partner: Institut für Resistenzforschung und Stresstoleranz (JKI) Institut für die Sicherheit biotechnologischer Verfahren bei Pflanzen (JKI) BTL Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide
Overall objective of the project:
Wild potato species are a valuable genetic resource for broadening the genetic diversity of cultivated potato. Therefore gene bank accessions of wild species with sexual incompatibility to cultivated potato which are not utilized in potato breeding are interesting. Accessions with high level of resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, resistance to PVY and PLRV, aphids, and resistance to Colorado potato beetle are used. Somatic hybrids are produced between wild species of the genus Solanum, series Bulbocastana, Commersoniana, Etuberosa and Pinnatisecta and the cultivated potato. The aim of the project is to create new somatic hybrids, to select genotypes with high level of resistance to late blight, virus diseases and Colorado potato beetle and carry out backcrosses with cultivated potato. Breeding material is generated for utilization in potato breeding programs. Based on genetic analyses the mode of inheritance of selected pathogen resistances will be determined. Linked genes will be mapped and selective markers for potato breeding should be developed.